2401197 (Refugee)

COURT OR TRIBUNAL

Administrative Appeals Tribunal

DATE FILED (OR FIRST HEARING DATE)

05/01/2024

LITIGATION TYPE

Constitutional and Human Rights / State Accountability

SUBJECT MATTER

Human rights and refugee claims

REVIEW TYPE

Merits review

SUMMARY

REFUGEE – Protection Visa – Tonga – failed to attend tribunal hearing – feared climate change and economic hardship – not satisfied the applicant has a well-founded fear of serious harm – decision under review affirmed

Applicant is seeking protection visa to escape (inter alia) climate change in their country of citizenship.

CASE DOCUMENTS

2401197 (Refugee) [2024] AATA 1757

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[2011] 1 NZLR 482; [2010] NZRMA 477 Mersonn Pty Ltd v Woollhara Municipal Council [2022] NSWLEC 1517 Metricon Homes Pty Ltd (atf Metricon Homes Unit Trust) v Lipari [2024] NSWSC 566 Metroplex v Brisbane City Council [2009] QPEC 110 MH Property No 2 Pty Ltd v Wollongong City Council [2024] NSWLEC 1568 Michael Brown Planning Strategies v Wingecarribee Shire Council [2019] NSWLEC 1311 Middle Creek Properties Pty Ltd v Wodonga CC [2013] VCAT 258 Millar v Department of Premier and Cabinet (General) [2011] VCAT 1230 Minister for the Environment v ACN 089 171 415 Pty Ltd [2020] FCA 1557 Minister of Conservation v Northland Regional Council [2021] NZEnvC 77 Mirani Solar Farm Pty Ltd v Mackay Regional Council & Anor [2018] QPEC 38; [2018] QPELR 1158 Mitsubishi Motors Australia Ltd v Begovic [2021] VSC 252 Monahan v Strathbogie SC [2018] VCAT 921 Moradi-Bossari v Mornington Peninsula SC [2024] VCAT 215 Mordialloc Bypass Project (EES) [2019] PPV 26 Morua v China Harbour Engineering Co (PNG) Ltd [2020] PGNC 16 Motorimu Wind Farm Limited v Palmerston North City Council [2009] NZEnvC 33 Movement v New Zealand Transport Agency CIV 2021-485-735 Mullaley Gas and Pipeline Accord Inc v Santos NSW (Eastern) Pty Ltd; Independent Planning Commission [2021] NSWLEC 24 Munkara v Santos NA Barossa Pty Ltd VID907/2023 Murtic v Manningham CC [2015] VCAT 1134 Myers v South Gippsland Shire Council [2009] VCAT 1022 Naroghid Wind Farm Pty Ltd v Minister for Planning [2019] VCAT 800 Nature Conservation Council of New South Wales v Minister for Water, Property and Housing 2021/00282599 Neal v Television New Zealand Ltd BSA 2024-018, 22 April 2024 Neophytou v East Gippsland SC [2018] VCAT 374 New Acland Coal Pty Ltd v Ashman; New Acland Coal Pty Ltd v Smith; Oakey Coal Action Alliance Inc v New Acland Coal Pty Ltd [2017] QLC 24 New Zealand Carbon Farming Ltd v Mighty River Power Ltd [2015] NZHC 1274 New Zealand Climate Science Education Trust v National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd [2012] NZHC 2297 New Zealand Forest Owners Association Inc v Wairoa District Council [2022] NZHC 761 New Zealand Police v Brorens [2024] NZDC 22949 New Zealand Police v Hanafin [2020] NZDC 23606 Newton v Great Lakes Council [2013] NSWLEC 1248 Nicholls v Canterbury Regional Council [2010] NZHC 1720 Nimo [2019] NZIPT 504543 NL Varsity Nominees Pty Ltd v Gold Coast City Council [2022] QPEC 29 No. 8 River Street Pty Ltd v Stonnington CC [2019] VCAT 2058 Noakes v Waikato District Council [2023] NZEnvC 76 North East Forest Alliance Inc v Commonwealth of Australia NSD773/2021 North East Forest Alliance Inc v Forestry Corporation of NSW [2023] NSWLEC 124 North East Link Project (EES) [2019] PPV 57 Northcape Properties Pty Ltd v District Council of Yorke Peninsula [2007] SAERDC 50 NSW Police v Coco [2022] Nucifora v Valuer-General [2013] QLC 19 O’Donnell v Commonwealth (22 July 2020, VID482/2020) O’Kane v Macedon Ranges Shire Council [2018] VCAT 1256 Oakey Coal Alliance v Department of Regional Development, Manufacturing and Water and New Acland Coal [2023] Oceana Gold New Zealand Ltd v Otago Regional Council [2020] NZEnvC 137 Odisho v Central Coast Council [2023] NSWLEC 1017 Oliver v Moyne SC [2022] VCAT 397 Olsen v Police [2023] NZHC 2637 Opera Properties v Northern Beaches Council [2017] NSWLEC 1507 ORB Property Partners Pty Ltd v Whitehorse CC [2020] VCAT 1333 Otago Regional Council v Dunedin City Council [2010] NZEnvC 120 Owen v Casey City Council [2009] VCAT 1946; 169 LGERA 403 P & E Ltd v Canterbury Regional Council [2015] NZEnvC 106 Pabai Pabai v Commonwealth VID622/2021 Pace Development Group Pty Lztd v Frankston CC [2024] VCAT 645 Palm Lake Works Pty Ltd v Ballina Shire Council [2019] NSWLEC 1479 Panapa v Chief Executive of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment [2024] NZIPT 506174 Panuku Development Auckland Ltd v Auckland Council [2018] NZEnvC 179 Paragon 23 Pty Ltd v Moreland CC [2018] VCAT 1234 Paul Farrell and the Prime Minister of Australia (Freedom of information) [2024] AICmr 183 Paul v Goulburn Murray Water Corporation [2010] VCAT 1755 People for the Plains Incorporated v Santos NSW (Eastern) Pty Limited [2016] NSWLEC 93 Pepperwood Ridge v Newcastle City Council [2009] NSWLEC 1046 Perry v Hepburn Shire Council [2007] VCAT 1309; (2007) 154 LGERA 182 Police v Abel; Police v Adams; Police v Kelly; Police v Molan; Police v Wurcker [2024] ACTMC 1 Port of Tauranga Ltd v Bay of Plenty Regional Council [2023] NZEnvC 270 Powervault Mildura Solar Generator One Pty Ltd v Mildura Rural CC [2019] VCAT 1473 Prestidge v Department of Water and Environmental Regulation (WA) [2023] WASAT 9 Pridel Investments Pty Ltd v Coffs Harbour City Council [2017] NSWLEC 1042 Printz v Glenelg SC [2010] VCAT 1975 Pro Estate Holdings Pty Ltd v Bayside CC [2019] VCAT 1366 Prom Country Developments Pty Ltd v South Gippsland Shire Council [2024] VCAT 1015 Pure Projects Pty Ltd v Banyule CC [2017] VCAT 1290 QCoal Sonoma Pty Ltd (Principal Holder) v Garry Reed [2012] QLC 34 Queensland Conservation Council v QCoal Pty Ltd (2006) Queensland Nickel Pty Limited v Commonwealth of Australia [2015] HCA 12; 255 CLR 252 R v Moylan [2014] NSWSC 944 R v Penwarden [2023] NZDC 21467 Rainbow Shores P/L v Gympie Regional Council [2013] QPEC 26 Ralph Lauren 57 v Byron Shire Council [2016] NSWSC 169 Ralph Lauren v Byron Shire Council [2012] NSWLEC 274 (20 December 2012) Rangitikei Guardians Society Inc v Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council [2010] NZEnvC 14 Rangitira Developments Ltd v Sage [2020] NZHC 1503 Re AGL Limited [2022] NSWSC 576 Re BD (Tuvalu) [2023] NZIPT 505998 Re BG (Tuvalu) [2023] NZIPT 505980 Re Fire and Rescue NSW Firefighting Staff Awards 2021 [2021] NSWIRComm 1062 Re Katepu [2023] NZIPT 505975 Re Limoni [2023] NZIPT 505874 Re New Zealand Transport Agency – Waka Kotahi [2024] NZEnvC 133 Re Otago Regional Council [2021] NZEnvC 164 Re Pasama [2023] NZIPT 506000 Re Pita [2023] NZIPT 506029 Re Tamatoa [2023] NZIPT 506015 Re Xstrata Coal Queensland Pty Ltd; Queensland Conservation Council Inc v Xstrata Coal Queensland Pty Ltd [2007] QLRT 33 Remediation (NZ) Limited v Taranaki Regional Council [2024] NZEnvC 213 RES Southern Cross v Minister for Planning and Taralga Landscape Guardians Inc [2008] NSWLEC 1333 Restall v Hobsons Bay CC [2010] VCAT 1348 Reysson Pty Ltd v Roads and Maritime Services [2016] NSWLEC 69 Rigg v Western Australia Planning Commission [2017] WASAT 19 Rite Track Pty Ltd v Macedon Ranges SC [2021] VCAT 580 Rizk v Nillumbik Shire Council [2022] VCAT 1236 RJ Davidson Family Trust v Marlborough District Council [2016] NZEnvC 81 RNB Property Group Pty Ltd v Woollahra Municipal Council [2023] NSWLEC 1012 Robertson v City of Albany [2019] WASAT 3 Robertson v Mornington Peninsula SC [2011] VCAT 1393 Robertson v Wangaratta Rural CC [2015] VCAT 1355 Rolles v Commissioner of Police [2020] QDC 331 Rolleston Coal Holdings Pty Ltd v Environmental Advocacy of Central Queensland Inc. [2024] Ronchi v Wellington Shire Council [2009] VCAT 1206 Ronge v Moreland CC [2017] VCAT 550 Roo Roofing Pty Ltd v Commonwealth [2019] VSC 331 Roubaix Properties Pty Ltd v Somerset Regional Council [2020] QPEC 34 Royal Forest & Bird Protection Society of New Zealand Incorporated v Southland District Council [2021] NZHC 2977 Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand Inc v Buller Coal Ltd [2012] NZHC 1736 Rush v Newshub [2024] NZMediaC 3504 Russell v Surf Coast SC [2009] VCAT 1324 Ryan v Circular Head Council [2023] TASCAT 217 Ryan v Northern Regional Planning Panel [2020] NSWLEC 55 Rytz v Attorney-General [2020] KIHC 23 S J Connelly Pty Ltd v Byron Shire Council [2009] NSWLEC 1068 Salama v Northern Beaches Council [2020] NSWLEC 143 Salera v Banyule CC [2022] VCAT 1230 Salic v City of Parramatta Council [2021] NSWLEC 1309 Sanda v PTTEP Australasia (Ashmore Cartier) Pty Ltd [2021] FCA 237 Santos NSW Pty Ltd v Gomeroi People [2022] NNTTA 74 Saonu v Mori [2021] PGNC 384 Save Our Seat Inc v Mornington Peninsula Shire Council [2014] VCAT 1494 Save our Strathbogie Forest Inc v Secretary to Dept of Energy, Environment and Climate Action [2024] FCA 317 Scarlett v Hobsons Bay CC [2022] VCAT 1167 Seadragon Offshore Wind Pty Ltd v Minister for Climate Change and Energy [2024] Seifert v Colac-Otway Shire Council [2009] VCAT 1453 Seletala, Pouniu [2020] NZIPT 504858 Serious Developments Pty Ltd v Boroondara CC [2017] VCAT 337 Sharma by her litigation representative Sister Marie Brigid Arthur v Minister for Environment [2021] FCA 560 SHCAG Pty Ltd v Minister for Planning and Infrastructure & Boral Cement Ltd [2013] NSWLEC 1032 Sheahan v Hobsons Bay City Council [2010] VCAT 64 Shift2Neutral Pty Ltd v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Ltd [2014] NSWSC 86 Site 10 Redevelopment Ltd Partnership [2015] NZEnvC 173 SKP Inc v Auckland Council [2019] NZEnvC 199 Sleiman v Central Coast Council [2019] NSWLEC 1549 Smith v Attorney-General [2020] NZHC 836 Smith v Ferrero [2022] NSWLEC 1352 Smith v Fonterra Co-Operative Group Ltd [2020] NZHC 419 Smith v Pittwater Council [2013] NSWLEC 1145 So v Blacktown City Council [2023] NSWLEC 1020 South East Forest Rescue Inc INC9894030 v Forestry Corp of New South Wales [2024] NSWLEC 7 Southern Environmental Association (Wellington) Inc v Wellington City Council [2010] NZEnvC 114 Sparke v Bass Coast SC [2014] VCAT 358 Sparks, in the matter of IG Energy Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd (Administrators Appointed) [2024] Spencer v Commonwealth [2014] FCA 1234 SPG Toorak Pty Ltd v Stonnington CC [2022] VCAT 1365 Spring Constructions Pty Ltd v Banyule CC [2020] VCAT 559 SRGF v Comcare (Compensation) [2024] AATA 1818 Stack v Kahler [2022] NSWLEC 1731 Stanley Pastoral Pty Ltd v Indigo Shire Council [2015] VCAT 36; 207 LGERA 11 Stewart & Honan v Moyne Shire Council [2014] VCAT 360 Stockland Development Pty Limited v Sunshine Coast Regional Council & Ors [2022] QPEC 30 Stop CRA Pollution (SCRAP) Incorporation v New Zealand Refining Company Limited [1993] NZPT 160 Students for Climate Solutions v Minister of Energy and Resources 2021 Suburban Blue Print Pty Ltd v Hobsons Bay City Council [2010] VCAT 1272 Sunland Developments (No 28) Pty Ltd v Northern Beaches Council (formerly Pittwater Council) [2016] NSWLEC 1460 Synergy Wind Pty Ltd v Wellington SC [2007] VCAT 2454 Taip v East Gippsland Shire Council [2010] VCAT 1222 Taralga Landscape Guardians Inc v Minister for Planning and RES Southern Cross Pty Ltd [2007] NSWLEC 59; 1616 LGERA 1 Tarsie v Ramu Nico Management (MCC) Ltd [2014] PGNC 320 Tasevski v Mornington Peninsula SC [2021] VCAT 1183 Tauschke v East Gippsland SC [2009] VCAT 2231 (26 October 2009) Taylor v South Gippsland SC [2009] VCAT 1851 Te Korowai O Ngāruahine Trust v Hiringa Energy Ltd [2022] NZHC 2810 Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Awa v Bay of Plenty Regional Council [2020] NZHC 3388 TEC Pipe Pty Ltd and Clean Energy Regulator [2017] AATA 48 Teitiota v Chief Executive of the Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment [2013] NZHC 3125 Thackeray v Shire of South Gippsland [2001] VCAT 922 The Environment Centre NT Inc v Minister for Resources and Water [2021] FCA 1635 The Environmental Defence Society Incorporated v Rodney District Council [2009] NZEnvC 312 The Estate of Andrew Taylor v Ballarat CC [2022] VCAT 1097 The Outstanding Landscape Protection Society Inc v Hastings District Council [2007] NZEnvC 87; [2008] NZRMA 8 The Wilderness Society (South Australia) Inc v National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority SAD10/2020 The Wilderness Society of WA (Inc) v Minister for Environment [2013] WASC 307; 45 WAR 471; 196 LGERA 234 Thomson v Minister for Climate Change Issues [2017] NZHC 733 Thornton v Adelaide Hills Council [2006] SAERDC 41; (2006) 151 LGERA 1 Tipakalippa v National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (No 2) [2022] FCA 1121 Todd Energy Limited v Taranaki Regional Council [2005] NZEnvC 467 Torrez v Clifford [2022] NSWLEC 1495 Traditional Owners' human rights complaints against superannuation funds [2023] Traditional Owners' human rights grievance processes against banks [2023] Transpower New Zealand Ltd v Central Hawke’s Bay District Council [2024] NZEnvC 185 TRR v A Refugee and Protection Officer [2016] NZHC 233 Two Rocks Investments Pty Ltd and Western Australian Planning Commission [2019] WASAT 59 UN Human Rights Committee Torres Strait Islanders’ complaint against Australia CCPR/C/135/D/3624/2019 Unison Networks Ltd v Hastings District Council HC Auckland CIV 2007-485-896 [2007] NZHC 1435; [2011] NZRMA 394 (11 December 2007) Universal Property Group v Kiama Municipal Council [2022] NSWLEC 1634 Upland Landscape Protection Society Incorporated [2008] NZEnvC 214 Uren v Bald Hills Wind Farm Pty Ltd [2022] VSC 145 Vaisua [2014] NZIPT 501465 Van Dyke v Tasman District Council [2014] NZEnvC 1 Vanderstock v Victoria Case M61/2021 Vanele [2021] NZIPT 505277 Vukadinovic v Mount Alexander SC [2015] VCAT 1993 W & B Cabinets v Casey City Council [2009] VCAT 2072 Wade v Warrnambool CC [2009] VCAT 2177 Waka Kotahi New Zealand Transport Agency v Manawatu-Whanganui Regional Council [2020] NZEnvC 192 Walker v Minister for Planning [2007] NSWLEC 741; 157 LGERA 124 Walsh v Bass Coast Shire Council [2015] VCAT 1454 Waratah Coal Pty Ltd v Nicholls [2013] QSC 68 Waratah Coal Pty Ltd v Youth Verdict Ltd & Ors [2020] QLC 33 Warburton Environment Inc v VicForests [2022] VSC 633 Warkworth Mining Ltd v Bulga Milbrodale Progress Association Inc [2014] NSWCA 105; 86 NSWLR 527; 200 LGERA 375 Warner Crest Pty Ltd v Stonnington City Council [2019] VCAT 36 Watson v Nillumbik SC [2013] VCAT 587 Wattleup Road Development Company Pty Ltd v Western Australian Planning Commission [2014] WASAT 159 Webster v Muswellbrook Shire Council [2013] NSWLEC 1146 Weir v Kapiti Coast District Council [2013] NZHC 3516 Wellesley v Hepburn SC [2011] VCAT 614 West Coast Environmental Network Inc v West Coast Regional Council [2013] NZEnvC 47 West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority v East Gippsland SC [2016] VCAT 1580 West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority v East Gippsland Shire Council [2010] VCAT 1334 Western Downs Alliance v Minister for the Environment and Energy & Santos Limited NSD929/2016 Westlink Pty Ltd atf Westlink Industrial Trust v Lockyer Valley Regional Council [2013] QPEC 35 Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland Proserpine/Whitsunday Branch v Minister for the Environment and Heritage [2006] FCA 736; (2006) 232 ALR 510 Wilson v Waikato Regional Council [2021] NZEnvC 131 Wollar Progress Association Incorporated v Wilpinjong Coal Pty Ltd [2018] NSWLEC 92 Wollongong Coal Limited v Construction, Forestry, Maritime, Mining and Energy Union [2020] FWCFB 3676 WOTCH v VicForests [2020] VSC 99 XO Network Pty Ltd v South Gippsland SC [2019] VCAT 1789 Xstrata Coal Queensland Pty Ltd v Friends of the Earth [2012] QLC 013 Xu and Cui v The City of Canada Bay Council [2022] NSWLEC 1549 Yan Yean Road (Stage 2) Upgrade (EES) [2021] PPV 6 Your Water Your Say Inc v Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts [2008] FCA 670 Youth complaints filed to UN Special Rapporteurs for Human Rights and Environment, the rights of Indigenous people, and the rights of persons with disabilities n/a Zeph Investments v Commonwealth of Australia [2023]